John Carmichael: Life and Design on the Frontier in Central America
At least one historian of the region has argued that British activities in Central America in the mid-nineteenth century lacked the awareness, continuity, shrewdness, and proficiency of any grand design that might be called "imperialist policy." British policy toward the region and British interest in the area were in many regards fleeting and mercurial. Rather, it was the petty and at times curious involvements of British individuals in Central America that time and again entangled the power of Great Britain in the affairs of the Caribbean littoral. To further explore the question raised by others, this paper examines the life and activities of one such British entrepreneur, John Carmichael—mahogany man, import-export merchant, sugar planter, canal contractor, renter, and middleman between the rebel Maya of Santa Cruz and the colony of British Honduras.